16 January 2011
| Draft
Bibliography of "Betwixt and Between"
including references to liminality and Neti Neti
- / -
Bibliographical annex to Living as an Imaginal Bridge between Worlds: Global implications of "betwixt and between" and liminality (2011). Previously distributed as Explorations of "Betwixt and Between"
Introduction
The extraordinary phrase "betwixt and between" -- historically associated with evocative folk tales and myth -- is now widely used in a variety of contexts. This is evident in the references below to those obliged to live "between worlds" to some degree and variously confronted by their contradictions -- also recognized as a "twilight zone". Of particular relevance is any sense of being "caught between worlds" as a "dweller in a twilight zone". The experience is the subject of both serious study and a theme of creative cultural exploration in works of imagination. However the bibliography includes very few of the many references to commentaries from a pagan, wiccan or shamanistic perspective -- readily to be found by web searches.
Additional references are provided at the end of this document, notably with respect to "inside/outside". The items in the bibliography, with the indicative addition of some (of the many) focusing on liminality, can be roughly grouped as follows:
- sociopolitical and strategic contexts:
The
explicit use of "betwixt and between" in this case is indicative of the nature of the reality to which some feel they are now exposed and with which they have to deal pragmatically:
- relations between countries:
This group is indicative of a mode of under-explored potential responses to complex situations which have defied conventional strategic logic:
- Evelyn Goh: Betwixt and Between: Southeast Asian strategic relations with the U.S. and China (Singapore Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 2005)
- Hassan Nafaa: Betwixt and Between: the war in Iraq spells trouble at home (Al Ahram, 3-9 April 2003, Issue No. 632)
- Shuja Nawaz: Pakistan and the Taliban: leaders caught betwixt and between (Foreign Policy, 10 August 2009)
- Stephen R. Smith: Betwixt and Between: Korea as a bridge Between China and Japan (Asia Network, 2002)
- Spie Clemens: 'Betwixt and Between': the South African State's search for autonomy in the time of globalisation (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, 2002)
- Richard A. Higgott and Kim Richard Nossal: The International Politics of Liminality: relocating Australia in the Asia Pacific (Australian Journal of Political Science, 32, 2, July 1997, pp. 169 - 186)
- D. Hobbs, S. Lister, P. Hadfield, S. Winlow, and S. Hall: Receiving shadows: governance and liminality in the night-time economy (British Journal of Sociology, 2000, December, 51(4), pp. 701-717)
- Janet Newman: Working the Spaces of Governance: ambiguous spaces of activism in and through ‘community’ (2010)
- Bahar Rumelili: Liminality and Perpetuation of Conflicts: Turkish-Greek relations in the context of community-building by the EU (European Journal of International Relations, June 2003, 9, 2, pp. 213-248)
- Michelle Pace: Liminality in EU-Hamas Relations (British International Studies Association, 2011)
- Mette Louise Berg: Cuba’s Diasporic Children of the Revolution: betwixt and between cosmopolitanism and the national slot (FASOPO: Fonds d'analyse des societies politiques, 2009)
- Maria Mälksoo: The Challenge of Liminality for International Relations Theory (Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Theory vs. Policy? Connecting Scholars and Practitioners, New Orleans, 2010)
- Martin Rudner: Britain Betwixt and Between: UK SIGINT Alliance Strategy's Transatlantic and European Connections (Intelligence and National Security, 19, 4, December 2004 , pp. 571-609
- Judith H. Young: Betwixt and Between (Reality Zone, 10 October 2010)
A seminar of the Réseau Thématique des Centres Européens de Recherche en Sciences Humaines sur l’Ensemble Euroméditerranéen was entitled: ‘Betwixt and Between’ Europe and the Mediterranean: New Stakes and New Challenges (Durham, 2004). Special issue on limnality of the journal International Political Anthropology (October 2009)
- place, immigration and refugees:
This group highlights the experiential reality of those who are obliged to live "betwixt and between", frustrated by the incapacity of more rational approaches to their condition:
- disempowerment:
This theme is fruitfully explored by Judith H. Young (Deconstructing the Power of the Global Elite, Global Research, 25 October 2008) as part of a study on Psychological Control: States of Mental Disempowerment. Significant to this context, the document was subsequently reprinted under the title (Betwixt and Between. Running Cause I Can't Fly, 10 October 2010). Of relevance is the recognigiont of those who effectively "dwell" in legal "twilight
zones" as with forest dwellers, slum dwellers, or those living in backyards.
- social relations and management: This group is especially interesting given the recognition of the failure of conventional frameworks to encompass regulatory challenges:
- Deirdre Healy: Betwixt and Between: the role of psychosocial factors in the early stages of desistance (Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, November 2010, 47, 4, pp. 419-438)
- James Christopher Wada: Betwixt and Between: the perceived legitimacy of campus police Washington State University, 2007)
- Chetan Kumar: Betwixt and between customary and state regulations: the political ecology of deforestation in Meghalaya, India (2009)
- Harry G. West and Scott Kloeck-Jenson: Betwixt and Between: 'Traditional Authoritory' and Democratic Decentralization in post-war Mozambique (African Affairs, 98, 1999, 393, pp. 455-484)
- Brenda Cossman: Betwixt and between Recognition: migrating-same-sex marriages and the turn toward the private (Law and Contemporary Problems, 71, Spring 2008)
- Brian Burgoon: Betwixt and Between?: support for national and supra-national welfare compensation in Europe (2010)
- Scott Eblin: Five Tips for Leaders Who Are Betwixt and Between (Business Management Daily, 11 November 2010)
- Stephen J. Hunt: Betwixt and Between: the political orientations of Roman Catholic neo-Pentecostals ( Politics and Religion, 2, 2008, II, pp. 27-49)
- Afe Adogame: Betwixt Identity and Security: African new religious movements and the politics of religious networking in Europe (Nova Religio: the Journal of Emergent and Alternative Religions (Nova Religio: The Journal of Emergent and Alternative Religions, 7, 2003, 2, pp. 24-41).
- Sue Newell, Carole Tansley and Erica Wagner: The Liminality Associated with Project Teams: exploring and explaining some of the problems of ES project implementations, 2008)
- Barbara F. Schaetti and Sheila J. Ramsey: The Global Nomad Experience: Living in Liminality (Transition Dynamics, October 2006)
- Laurie A. Sheppard: Betwixt and Between - Staying Put or Movin' On (business-man.biz, 2007)
- D. Bryceson: Sub-Saharan Africa: betwixt and between: rural livelihood practices and policies (African Studies Centre, Leiden University, 2007)
- J. L. Foote D. J. Houston and N. H. North: Betwixt and Between: ritual and the management of an ultrasound waiting list.(Health Care Analysis: journal of health philosophy and policy,
10, 2002,
(4), pp.
357-77)
- Jan Bissett: Betwixt and Between: Of Legal Publishing, Executive Orders, and the Library of Michigan (Michigan Bar Journal, October 2010)
- Raymond Fazzi: Betwixt And Between: hybrid advisors work in both the fee-based and commission worlds (Financial Advisor Magazine,
May 2005)
- David Furlonger: The International Marketing Council of SA: betwixt and between (Financial Mail, 20 November 2009)
- Darren McCabe: Enterprise Contested: betwixt and between the discourses of career and enterprise in a UK bank (Human Relations, 62, 10, October 2009, pp. 1551-1579)
- Marian Bland: Betwixt and Between: a critical ethnography of comfort in New Zealand residential aged care
(Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, May 2007, 5, pp. 937–944)
- Lynn Bosetti, Colleen Kawalilak and Peggy Patterson: Betwixt and Between: academic women in transition (Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 38, 2008, 2, pp. 95-115)
- Chitralekha Basu: Caught between worlds (China Daily, 2010-08-09)
- Brooke Ferguson: How to Stay Present During Change (Business Backpacker, 24 April 2009)
- D. Lindsay: Organizational Liminality and Interstitial Creativity: the fellowship of power (Social Forces, September 2010)
- cultural relations and dialogue:
Notions of "betwixt and between" have clearly been acknowledged as opning a space central to discourse and social intercourse:
- Barry Chevannes: Betwixt and Between: explorations in an African-Caribbean mindscape (Ian Randle Publishers, 2006)
- Lori Landay: Betwixt and Between: the trickster and multiculturalism (American Quarterly, 48, 3, September 1996, pp. 542-549)
- Peter Probst: Betwixt and Between: an anthropologist's perspective on the history of African Studies in Germany (Afrika Spectrum, 40, 2005, 3, pp. 403-427)
- Susan Barnes Whyte: Conversations betwixt and between: guiding principles (Reference Services Review, 30, 2002, 4, pp. 269 - 276)
- Robert R. Sauders: Between Paralysis and Practice: theorizing the political liminality of Palestinian cultural heritage (Archaeologies, 4, 3, pp. 471-494)
- Khadidiatou Gueye: Mapping the liminal identities of mulattas in African, African American, and Caribbean literatures (Pennsylvania State University, 2006)
- Philip Griffith: Liminality and the Social Matrix: race as betwixt and between (International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 2, 1, pp. 255-262)
- Maria Mälksoo: Liminality and Contested Europeanness: conflicting memory politics in the Baltic Space (Chapter 5 in Identity and Foreign Policy: Baltic-Russian Relations and European Integration, ed. by Eiki Berg and Piret Ehin, pp. 65-83. Ashgate, 2009).
- Lauro Zavala: Towards a Dialogical Theory of Cultural Liminality (Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies, 1, 1997, pp. 9-22)
- Lucy Kay and Zoë Kinsley: Mapping Liminalities: thresholds in cultural and literary texts (Peter Lang, 2007)
- Robert D. Drennan: Betwixt and between in the intermediate area (Journal of Archaeological Research, 4, 1996, 2, pp. 95-132)
- Melinda Marie Jetté: Betwixt and Between the Official Story: tracing the history and memory of a family of French-Indian ancestry in the Pacific Northwest (Oregon Historical Quarterly, 111, 2010, 2)
- Paulette Bethel: Betwixt and Between: the liminality of growing up cross-culturally.(Third Culture Adults in Global Transition, 11 September 2007)
- Angie Wagner: Religious sect's outcasts caught between worlds (Associated Press, 4 September 2004)
Liminality and Cultures of Change was the theme of a conference at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities (Cambridge, 2009). Betwixt and Between is the title of the
Queen’s University (Belfast) Research Forum in Translation and Cultural Encounter. Similarly a conference was held under the title Betwixt and Between: globalization, interculturalization & translation (United Arab Emirates, 2007).
- life transition and gender:
This group, with the focus on transitional phases, initiated the associated focus on the cognitive subtleties of liminality :
- Louise Carus Mahdi, Steven Foster and Meredith Little (Eds.): Betwixt & Between: patterns of masculine and feminine initiation. (Open Court Publishing, 1987)
- Victor Turner: Betwixt and Between: the liminal period in Rites de Passage (1986)
- Arnold Van Gennep: The Rites of Passage (1972)
- Gisela Wendling: Old self -- New Self: betwixt and between, spiritual opening, threshold (2008)
The group could usefully include the complex subtleties of intersexuality as experienced by humans, namely the intermediate or atypical combinations of physical features that usually distinguish female from male.
- aesthetics, literature and performance art:
The sense of "betwixt and between", especially as explored in terms of liminality, is now much-valued in some forms of aesthetic expression and experience (as discussed in the main document):
- Rosemary King: Betwixt and Between: liminality and language in House Made of Dawn (2001)
- Christine Latimer: The Invisible View: betwixt and between (AUT University, 2008)
- Hannah D. Mott: Moving Betwixt and Between (California College of Arts and Crafts, Thesis (M.F.A.), 1989)
- Glessie Reese: Betwixt and Between: a revival of liminality as seen in The Princess Casamassima
- Philip Sutton: Betwixt-and-between (Studies in Liminality & Literature, 2002)
- Joshua Abrams and Jennifer Parker-Starbuck: Betwixt and Between: youthful vitality and renewal in a twenty-three-hundred-year-old city (PAJ (a journal of performance art), January 2008, 30, 1, pp. 76-84)
- Joy Crosby: Liminality and the Sacred: discipline building and speaking with the other (Liminalities: a journal of performance studies, 5, April 2009, 1)
- Paul Roquet: Towards The Bowels of the Earth: butoh writhing in perspective (2003)
- Susan Broadhurst: Liminal Acts: a critical overview of contemporary performance and theory (Cassell, 1999)
- Judith Hamera: Silence that Reflects: butoh, ma, and a crosscultural gaze (Text and Performance Quarterly, 10 January 1990)
- Dean Biron: Betwixt and Between: musical taste patterns and
audience mobility
(Participations: journal of audience and reecption studies, 6, 2, November 2009)
- Albert Camus: Betwixt and Between (L'Envers et l'endroit, also translated as The Wrong Side and the Right Side, Collection, 1937)
- Almut Suerbaum, and Manuele Gragnolati: Medieval Culture ‘betwixt and between’: an introduction (In: Aspects of the Performative in Medieval Culture, De Gruyter, 2010, pp. 1-14)
- Valerie Henitiuk. Embodying the Boundary: the gendered motif of existential liminality in Murasaki Shikibu and Marie de France. University of Alberta, 2004 [text]
Performance studies is now recognized as a border discipline, an interdiscipline, that cultivates the capacity to move between structures, to forge connections, to speak with instead of simply speaking about or for others. The TV Tropes wiki provides
an extensive set of references to use in various forms of literature and media of the trope of the Inn Between The Worlds.
The introduction notes:
It may be an inn on a road in a Heroic Fantasy world, a Wild West saloon, a bar in a high-tech spacestation, or just a local pub — or it could be all of these at the same time. The Inn Between the Worlds exists simultaneously in different worlds, universes and/or times, or perhaps just jumps around in the fashion of The Little Shop That Wasn't There Yesterday. Whether you can reliably return to where you came in varies.
Inns Between The Worlds, though they connect to some or all worlds, are not themselves part of any world.
They are typically places of truce and/or sanctuary, and laws of physics and/or reality may be suspended as needed.
- creativity:
- For Emily Hanlon: The land of Betwixt and Between is the boundary of neither/nor, the place where objects touch, aura's blend and energy is transformed, midnight, the betwitching hour, the time of neither day nor night mysteriously both, arriving unannounced, like creativity itself. The place of betwixt and between is the magic, the mystery, the essence of creativity when nothing is what it seems and everything is possible (The Land of Betwixt and Between: an exercise in creativity, 2007).
- Christine Latimer explores the idea of a liminal space, as being dreamlike, suspended in time and physically unlocatable. It questions and exploits the boundary between abstraction and figuration in painting. (The Invisible View: betwixt and between, 2008)
- education and philosophy :
- science, technology and media:
- John Lydon: Betwixt and Between (Nature, 411, 417, 24 May 2001)
- Gheorghe Dan: Living in Limnos, Betwixt and Between: a trans-reality Balkan Odyssey (Subtle Technologies, 2006)
- C. Hewitt and J. Inman: DAI betwixt and between: from `intelligent agents' to open systems science (Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Transactions), Nov/Dec 1991, 21, 6, pp. 1409-1419)
- J. Turner: Betwixt and Between: a mixed media expose of the epistemologies of cyberspaces and beyond places (Queensland University of Technology)
- Cristina Palli i Monguilod: Entangled Laboratories: liminal practices in science (Universita Autonoma de Barcelona, 2004)
References
Manuel Aguirre. The Lure of the Limen: an introduction to the concept, uses and problems of liminality. Gateway Press, 2006
Jesús Benito and Ana Mª Manzanas (Eds.). The Dynamics of the Threshold: essays on liminal negotiations. Gateway Press, 2006
Daniel Bertaux, Thomas P. Boje and Susan McIntosh (Eds.). BETWIXT -- Between Integration and Exclusion: a comparative study in local dynamics of precarity and resistance to exclusion in urban contexts. 2002 [text]
Joseph L. Bower. Solve the Succession Crisis by Growing Inside-Outside Leaders. Harvard Business Review, November 2007 [text]
Diane Caney:
- Inside/outside intertextuality" (Presentation at a conference ON/OFF+ACROSS: language, identity and technology, University of Westminster, November 1998). [text]
- Inside/Outside intertextuality: text-fields of identity. 1999 [text]
Erebos. Betwixt and Between. South African Pagan Council (SAPC), 23 November 2008 [text]
Tess Moeke-Maxwell. InSide/OutSide Cultural Hybridity: Greenstone as Narrative Provocateur [text]
R. W. Momeyer. Philosophers and the public policy process: inside, outside, or nowhere at all? Journal Med Philos, 1990 Aug;15, (4), pp. 391-409 [abstract]
Claire Montanaro. Betwixt and Between Times. ezinearticles.com, 2008 [text]
Andrew Moore. Australian Aboriginal Cosmologies: Inside/Outside. 2006 [text]
Susan J. Newton:
- Moving in the Interstices: cultivating fluidity in the participant facilitator's role. (Master in Conflict Facilitation and Organizational Change Process Work Institute, Portland, OR) 2009 [text]
- Exploring the Interstices: the space between in the body-mind disciplines of Aikido and fencing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, CA. 1996
Deborah Pike. Sharon's Wall and the Dialectics of Inside/Outside. Borderlands e-journal, 5, 3, 2006 [text]
Sundar Sarukkai. Inside/outside: Merleau-Ponty/Yoga. Philosophy East and West, October 2002 [text]
Isabel Soto (Ed.). A Place That Is Not A Place: essays on liminality and text. Gateway Press, 2000
Philip Sutton (Ed.). Betwixt-and-Between: essays in liminal geography (Studies in Liminality & Literature). Gateway Press, 2002
Bob Trubshaw. The Metaphors and Rituals of Place and Time: an introduction to liminality or Why Christopher Robin wouldn't walk on the cracks. At the Edge, 1996 [text]
J. Turner. Betwixt and Between: a mixed media expose of the epistemologies of cyberspaces and beyond places. Queensland University of Technology [text]
Victor Turner:
- Betwixt and Between: the liminal period in rites of passage. In S. F. a. M. L. Louise Carus Mahdi (Ed.), Betwixt & between: Patterns of masculine and feminine initiation. Open Court, 1987
- Passages, Margins, Poverty. In: Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell University Press, 1974
- Variations on a theme of liminality. In: S. F. Moore & B. G. Myerhoff (Eds.), Secular ritual, Van Gorcum, 1977, pp. 36-52
Arnold Van Gennep. The Rites of Passage. Chicago University Press, 1972
E. Victor Wolfenstein. Inside/outside Nietzsche: psychoanalytic explorations. Cornell University Press, 2000
Judith H. Young:
- Betwixt and Between. Running Cause I Can't Fly, [text]
- Deconstructing the Power of the Global Elite. Global Research, 25 October 2008 [text]
- The Betwixt and Between Syndrome. In: Deconstructing the Power of the Global Elite. Earth Rising, 4 October 2008 [text]
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