1998
Varieties of Disciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity: Table
- / -
This table (and accompanying commentary) was originally developed from a commentary on varieties of decision-making
Guiding Metaphors and Configuring Choices (with an accompanying table Varieties of Decision-making Arenas and Styles: Table).
A variant was subsequently developed as Varieties
of Dialogue Arenas and Styles)
(Table)
| Varieties of dsiciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity TABLE I | SINGLE: INTRA-PARADIGMATIC "Straight-forward" truth Relatively stable "Deciding about" Without unstated constraints Single value framework Implementation Short-term tactical concerns Technique/Science |
DUAL: CROSS-PARADIGMATIC "Aggressive constraints" Relatively dynamic "Reactive decision-making" Prevalence of unstated (or secret) constraints Value polarization Extension Medium term strategic concerns Art/Techne |
MULTI: INTER-PARADIGMATIC "Fuzzy constraints" Dynamically unstable "Decision-making in response to" With and without unstated constraints Multi-values / Fuzzy values Value development Anticipation Longer term strategic concerns Inspiration |
META: META-PARADIGMATIC "Holistic" Turbulent "Incorporating decision-making" Neither with nor without unstated constraints Value emergence Integration/Embodiment Atemporal concerns Insight |
. |
| SPIRITUAL RESOURCES Realm of value/intuition | Spiritual
Training / Development Tolerance Spiritual instruction Disseminating "the word" Structured decision-making Arena IV |
Spiritual
Exploration
Spiritual encounters Challenging "others" Converting the "misguided" Pilgrimage Arena X |
Spiritual
discovery "Many mansions" Multiple "others" Spiritual complementarity Arena XIV |
Spiritual
Transformation Embodiment of patterns in transformation Embodiment of change Arena XVI |
Group D Becoming
the decision-making
(Arena XVI) * Wisdom barrier |
| KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES (Conceptware) Realm of ideas/thoughts | Know-how
Management
Education / Training (UNESCO) - Expertise development - Skills development (ILO) Mass communications (UNESCO) Dissemination of knowledge Ethical framework Indoctrination Arena III |
Innovation/Development Applied research (R & D) Knowledge engineering Theological encounters (Intellectual exploitation) (Propaganda / Censorship) Arena IX |
Discovery/Invention Fundamental research Research strategy Lateral thinking Syncretism Creativity Arena XIII |
Appropriate
Patterning
Pattern creation - Epistemic landscape design - Pattern transformation - Morphogenetic patterning Guiding metaphors - Image schematics - Structural archetypes Kairos Arena XV |
Group C Transformative
decision-making
(Arenas
XIII - XV) * Experience barrier |
| HUMAN RESOURCES (Groupware) Realm of affects/feelings | Human
Resource Management
Personnel management (ILO): - Wage scales - Hiring/firing policies - Conditions of work Public health/safety (ILO/WHO) Social security (ILO) Population planning (UNFPA) Food supply (FAO/WFP) Arena II |
Social
Development
Dealing with demanding others: - Competitors / Opponents - Employee / Labour relations - Community - Underprivileged / Foreigners Human development Social engineering (Social exploitation) (Collusion/Conspiracy) (Subversion/Blackmail) Arena VIII |
Responsive
Organization Mutuality in decision-making: - Worker participation - Self-management - Social responsibility - Social Charter (EEC) "Human face" development Personal development Organizational/Business ethics Inter-faith community Arena XI |
Appropriate
Organization Organizational: - Transformation - Culture design/appropriation - Images/symbol appropriation Symbolic decision-making "Projet social" Political will to change Transcendent community Arena XII |
Group B Innovative
decision-making
(Arenas
VIII - XII) * Training barrier |
| MATERIAL RESOURCES (Hardware) Realm of tangible artifacts/sensation | Resource
Optimization Operational decision-making: - Commerce/Trade (UNCTAD/GATT) - Industry (UNIDO) Short-term development: - Resource allocation - Cost/Effectiveness - Programmed investment Dealing/Bargaining Calculated risk Co-existence Arena I |
Economic
Development
Development (R and D) Engineering / Architecture Medium-term development(OECD): - Financial system (G-7) - Structural adjustment (IMF) - Agriculture (FAO) - Commerce/Trade (WTO) - Industry (UNIDO) (Economic exploitation) (Bribery / "Commissions") Territorial encounters Arena V |
Future
Uncertainty
Long-term investment - Futures markets - Risk/actuarial analysis Long-term development (UNCTAD) Agriculture (FAO) Environmental conservation. (UNEP) Arena VI |
Material
Appropriateness Apppriate technology: - Product appropriateness - Product design Sustainable development (UNCED) Sustainable eco-community Arena VII |
Group A Adaptive
decision-making
(Arenas
I - VII) |
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